Unzip the sofa cushion cover and pull out the foam. Snip the stitching of the rear edge cover with a sharp-pointed sewing scissors or seam ripper if the cushion has no zipper. Carefully pull the foam out of the cover without ripping the fabric.
Cut a new piece of upholstery foam to the same dimension as the one removed from the covering. Verify the foam is the same thickness to fit properly into the cover and provide adequate support when put back on the couch. A sharp knife works well for cutting upholstery foam.
Slide the new piece of foam through the zipper access in the cover or the seam opened up to remove the foam. Smooth the fabric over the foam.
Pull the zipper to the closed position to complete the project, or hand sew the seam with a whip stitch to secure a cover with no zipper.
Place the cushion back on the sofa in the same position it was removed before refurbishing.