Place the wooden headboard on a work surface. Apply wood stripper and remove the finish as directed on the stripper container.
Sand the headboard with an orbital sander. Sand the detailed areas of the headboard with a detail sander.
Identify areas that must be patched with wood filler. Push a scratch awl into the wood around any dents or scratches that require filling. The holes allow the filler to adhere to the wood surface effectively.
Use a putty knife to fill in any scratches or dents with wood filler. Allow the filler to harden according to its directions. Sand the filled areas smooth.
Spread the wooden parts that have cracks or splits. Apply wood glue liberally to the inside wood surfaces of the splits or cracked parts. Clamp the parts that are cracked and wipe off any glue that oozes out. Allow the glue to dry as directed. Remove the clamps and sand the glued areas until they're smooth.
Apply a wood finish to match the other parts of the bed frame. Allow the finish to dry.