Casement windows have a hinge along the side of the frame, which allows the entire window to swing out. Compared to sliding windows, a larger space is opened with casement windows, letting more air into the house. A crank turns to open the casement window, and an arm at the top of the window holds it open to keep from the window from slamming shut in heavy winds.
Awning windows resemble casement windows, but have a hinge at the top. They can be hinged so the window opens outward or inward. Outward opening awning windows create their own awning when fully opened. Rain slides down toward the ground along the slope created by the open window. Even when winds blow, the angle of the window keeps wind-driven rain from entering a room.
Casement windows are best in rooms where you want to maximize the amount of airflow through the room. Double casement windows opening in opposite directions increase airflow. Whether the wind is blowing from the right or the left, the opposite casement window can be opened to act like a sail and redirect the wind into the room.
Awning windows are best when you need a short, wide opening for ventilation. Placing the window near the ceiling in a basement or bathroom provides both air flow and privacy. Even when it rains, the awning window can remain open.