Place a large sheet of plywood over floor vents. This is one of the simplest ways to keep the dust out. When you’re done sanding, use a shop-type vacuum to remove the dust that settles on the plywood before picking up the board.
Tape off the vents. Apply wide masking tape, starting at one end of the vent and taping pieces on from side to side, overlapping the previous pieces to form an airtight seal.
Cut a piece of cardboard the same size as the vent and tape it in place with masking tape. This works well if you need to cover a large vent opening on a wall or ceiling.
Measure and cut a piece of clear plastic or vinyl drop cloth and tape it in place over the vent.