How to Plan for a Wooden Handicap Ramp

Examine section 4.8 (Ramps) of the Americans for Disabilities Act (ADA) accessibility guidelines. It contains requirements for the maximum slope of the ramp and its minimum width. It also lists requirements for landings, railings and curbs. Consult your local building department for codes pertaining to wheelchair ramps. They may contain requirements not listed in the ADA guidelines.

Measure the vertical distance from the ground to the entrance. Calculate the horizontal distance the ramp needs to be. If the ramp has landings, add their lengths to the overall length of the ramp. If you have space, plan the ramp so it has a gentler slope than the maximum allowed by the ADA or your local codes to make it easier to use.

Look for design ideas on the Internet or by consulting local builders. If you don't have room to build a straight ramp, you may need to design one with a series of switchbacks or one that extends around the corner of a building. Consider aesthetics as well as serviceability if the ramp is to become a permanent feature of the home.

Make a rough layout of the ramp to determine the positions of the foundation posts. You may need to make modifications to existing structures in order to set them. You may also need to make other modifications to accommodate the ramp. For example, it may be more efficient to route the ramp through a railing on an existing landing than through the front of the landing, which would require removal of the railing.

Make a cost estimate by calculating the amount of wood you need, as well as fasteners, concrete and railing materials. Plan on using pressure-treated wood for the posts and foundation. Remember that you must coat the walkway with a non-slip material. If the slope is gentle enough, you may be able to use paint with a non-slip additive, depending on your local codes. For steeper slopes, rolled roofing may be more effective.