How to Install Wheelchair Ramps

The American Disability Act (ADA) provides guidelines for installing wheelchair ramps safely. A minimum ratio of 1:12, meaning 12 inches of length for every 1 inch of height, ensures a safe level of ascent, and a mandatory level area for every 30 feet of length provides rest. A handrail should be installed at about 3 feet above the ramp for easy grasping. The ramp should be a minimum 3 feet wide but 40 to 44 inches is recommended for ramps with the handrail installed inside the ramp. Any ramp with a change of direction must be 60 inches by 60 inches for maneuverability.

Instructions

- 1
  Measure the height from the ground to the door you wish to make handicap accessible and apply the 1:12 ratio. For instance, if the distance is 12 inches, the ramp must be 144 inches long, or 12 feet.
- 2
  Assess the space you have to install a ramp. Use one long ramp, with a plateau every 30 feet, if you have the space. L-shaped ramps or switchback ramps serve smaller spaces efficiently. Switchback ramps must have landings at each turn.
- 3
  Provide a transition from the ramp to the door. Create a stable, porch-like surface if there is no porch.
- 4
  Draft an overhead view of where you plan to place the ramp. Include landings where needed. The plans must correspond with the ramp you've purchased. Having an outline helps placement.
- 5
  Enlist the aid of a helper to set your ramp in place. Heavy, permanent wheelchair ramps require more than two people to install them. L-shaped, zigzag and very long ramps come in sections to make installation easier.

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