How to Modify a Residence for the Handicapped

Assess the needs of the disabled resident. Discuss the general and specific needs that will require modifications for you or your caregivers. Different disabilities require different accommodations, and even within the same disability, the particular needs of an individual will vary. For example, some paraplegics may be able to transfer themselves into their wheelchair unaided while others require the use of bedside-assistive devices.

Make entryways and exits accessible. The Americans with Disabilities Act has guidelines for doorways and ramps to assist you with mobility impairments when entering and exiting a public building or a private residence. For example, make sure the doorways are at least 36 inches wide to accommodate a standard wheelchair, and build an outdoor ramp with a slope of no more than 1 inch to 1 foot. Safety handrails and grips on ramps, stairs and doorways, sand-grit strips on ramp floors, and curb cuts in sidewalks and driveways will help if you're vision-impaired or using a wheelchair, cane or crutches.

Make changes to kitchens and bathrooms to keep these well-traveled areas accessible, safe and useful. For instance, repair uneven or slippery flooring and arrange cabinet contents in an easy-to-remember manner. Use Braille or recorded labels on food cans and pill bottles, and if confined to a wheelchair, have kitchen countertops lowered, or provide a lowered food preparation island. Add handrails and grips to showers, baths, and toilets for safe transfer from wheelchairs or crutches to bathroom amenities. Place toilet paper dispensers within easy reach and make sure sinks, light switches, towel racks, mirrors, and cupboards are within reach.

Add assistive devices. This will vary greatly depending on the resident's disability. Install a doorbell with a flashing light instead of an audible alert for the hearing-impaired. Place extendable grabbers in each room if the person has mobility impairments. For the vision-impaired, add audible devices such as talking clocks, timers, scales and calculators.

Show the disabled individual how to navigate his modified home. Introduce the disabled resident to the safety and accessibility features of his new home. Include printed or recorded instructions on each feature in an easy-to-find location. Include all contact information for emergencies, such as doctors, plumbers, electricians, and city and county services.