How to Build a Cabinet Shop Dust Collection System

Dust Collector

• Dust collectors use fans contained in a metal housing. They work much like an ordinary vacuum, only on a larger scale. Fans pull the dust from the machines through long tubes that attach to each individual machine. The dust is deposited into a container that can be removed and emptied. It's best if you locate the dust collector outside, but they can be installed inside if it's your only option. Purchase a small dust collector, depending on how many machines you plan on using in the cabinet shop. A dust collector for a small cabinet shop typically has a 1 1/2 horsepower motor. That's enough power to handle saws, planers and shapers used by most cabinetmakers. Expect to pay from about $400 and higher for a dust collector. The best option is to search online for a used dust collector you might pick up for $100 or less. Used dust collectors are easy to find, because of cabinet shops going out of business.

Hoses

• Most dust collectors for small cabinet shops use 4-inch lines. For convenience, run a single metal line overhead. Connect flexible lines to the overhead line, and drop one down for each machine. The lines can bend slightly, but never connect them at 90 degrees. The lines should angle into each other to keep the dust flowing the right direction with no obstacles to prevent clogging or disrupt the flow of air to the collector. Woodworking machines also produce larger chips that are sucked up by the system in addition to dust. If the lines bend, larger chips lodge inside the tube and cause problems. Lay out the lines, connect everything, then seal the lines with tape. It's essential the lines do not leak air.

Connections

• Most modern woodworking machines are equipped with dust collection ports. Look for panels near the bottom of the machines. The panel should have an open hole where the hoses attach. It's much like a dryer vent, with a small sleeve where the hose hooks on. If your table saw, bandsaw or any other machine has only legs without a sealed box under it, your dust collection will not work unless you build an enclosure below the source of the dust. Use plywood to completely enclose the bottom section below the blades, knives or belts. Dust collection systems can only work when the dust is enclosed. Any leaking of air compromises the system or causes it to fail completely.

Safety and Environment

• Woodworking dust is highly flammable. Never introduce sparks, heat or any kind of flame to a dust collection system. Always check the lumber or plywood for screws, nails or any kind of material that might cause sparks to be introduced into the system. If you've located your dust collection machine inside, be extremely careful, and always keep fire extinguishers handy. Locate a fire extinguisher as close as possible to the collector. Dispose of dust according to local regulations. If you decide to use the dust for gardens or flowerbeds, make sure it's compatible. Never use dust from chipboard, plywood or any kind of manufactured wood for anything related to the environment. Anything other than solid lumber has glue in it, and is not suitable for any type of ground cover, or any agricultural use.