Components of Latex-based Stains

Water

• Rather than oil or alkyd, latex stains are based in water. After application, the water harmlessly evaporates, leaving other components to tint and protect the wood surface. This greatly reduces the product's odor during the curing process, allows for cleanup with soap and water and contributes to the stain's low toxicity and environmental friendliness. It also makes the product somewhat less durable than oil-based alternatives.

Acrylic Binders

• Latex stains adhere to wood with acrylic binders. When fully cured, these binders create a permeable finish that doesn't trap moisture inside the wood and resists cracking, peeling and blistering by allowing the wood to expand and contract.

Pigment

• All wood stains get their color from pigments. Latex stains are available in hundreds of colors, ranging from natural wood tones to designer colors. Colors range from semi-transparent to semi-solid to solid colors. Semi-transparent stains allow the maximum amount of wood grain to show through; semi-solid and solid stains provide higher levels of UV protection. Solid stains are typically available in the widest range of colors.

Volatile Organic Compounds

• Nearly all paints and stains contain some level of volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, as do thousands of other household items such as cleaning supplies and adhesives. VOCs are particularly harmful indoors and in areas with low circulations. Latex stains contain fewer VOCs than oil-based alternatives and are preferred by many for use indoors.

Other Additives

• Specialized components are also added to latex stains, depending on their specific use. For exterior applications, many water-based stains contain materials help repel water and resist rot, mildew and fungus. Fire-retardant additives are also available for interior and exterior applications. Additives to some stains act as dispersing and wetting agents, allowing for easier application.