Stand plywood boards up against the sides of the wall, tall enough to reach the top of the planned knee wall. Brace them with 2-by-4s positioned diagonally against them as buttressing to prevent the weight of the concrete from forcing the boards outward.
Mix cement and water to create a paste and spread it along the upper edge of the dampened foundation wall. This will help the new and old layers of concrete to stick together, giving the wall extra integrity.
Mix concrete, using as little water as possible to give it a thick but still malleable consistency. The dryer the concrete mixture the stronger the wall will be. Pour the concrete into the gap between the inside and outside plywood braces, onto your freshly spread cement paste.
Wait for any water on top of the concrete to evaporate before troweling the surface smooth. Cover it with plastic and wait a week for the concrete to fully set.