The orbital sander uses a rotating disc design. The dual motion sander takes that design and adds a "back and forth" motion to the rotating disc.
Both sanders are primarily used for finishing work: edging floors, removing surface finishes from large pieces of furniture, feathering, and smoothing. Although either sander works for these jobs, the dual motion sander is more delicate and tends to produce a smoother finish due to its multiple motions.
As with all sanders, prices for both types of sanders can vary drastically. Although the price of the two are comparable, prices can range anywhere from $50 to $300 dollars, depending on brand and size.