Lean a ladder against your roof and have someone hold the base while you climb the ladder.
Set a ruler against the roof and hold it straight out horizontally so it measures at least 12 inches of the roof.
Set a second ruler on the roof and hold it vertically so it meets the first ruler.
Note the number of inches indicated on the second ruler. The slope of the roof will be a fraction that looks like this: rise/run. For example, if the rise is 5 inches, the slope would be 5/12; 12 inches is always the roof's run.