The D10R features an air conditioning system within the operation station that includes air circulation vents which are powered by a cooling system which holds 34.9 gallons of fluid.
The D10R is powered by Caterpillar's 3412E engine. It can achieve 570 HP and about 1900 RPMs. The 3412E is a 12-cylinder engine.
The D10R can hold up to 293 gallons of diesel fuel. If the air conditioning is being operated, this will slightly decrease fuel efficiency. The average fuel consumption for the D10R is about 17 gallons per hour.
The elevated drive sprocket was introduced in the D10R and is now one of the most unique factors in Caterpillar's products. The design allowed engineers to forego the final drive system which was one of the most common problem areas in Caterpillar's first tractors.