Framing Basics for Nails

Types

• Three basic types of nails are used for framing a structure. Sinker, common and box nails have a similar design, consisting of a long, thin shaft with a flat head. Sinker nails feature a waffle pattern on the head and are often coated to prevent rusting when in contact with moisture. Common nails have a flat head and are ideal for dry areas. Box nails have a thinner shaft than the other types and are ideal for narrow boards that may crack with a thicker nail.

Placement

• The proper placement of nails reduces the amount of nails you need to use and maximizes the structure's strength. The wall studs each need two nails securing them to the bottom and top wall plates. Secure the wall to the sill plate by placing one nail in each opening between studs. Fasten wall joints together with a vertical string of nails every foot or so. Place a nail into each stud every 12 to 18 inches across the length to secure sheeting to the roof frame or floor frame.

Angles

• Many board joints require you to drive nails at angles, or toenail them. Position the nail on the vertical board one inch above the horizontal board, and drive the nail at an angle that allows it to penetrate at least halfway through the board.

Nail Driving

• A framing hammer is needed to drive framing nails accurately and efficiently. The hammer features a long, narrow handle and neck with a heavy head that has a smooth or cross-hatched face. The heavy weight of the head is crucial to driving a nail into lumber with one or two strikes.

  Pneumatic nail guns utilize air pressure to drive nails into lumber. They are ideal for framing, as only one hand is required to operate the gun, leaving your other hand available to hold the boards in place. A nail gun needs to be pressed firmly onto the lumber before you press the trigger, for full penetration.