Ground Floor Basement Building Codes

Ground Floor Basements

• Sloped land allows the construction of walk-in basements where part of the basement wall meets ground level. This configuration creates additional habitable space for the house, and triggers building regulations to ensure the health and safety of the residents. The regulations include design specifications, natural light and ventilation, exits, smoke detectors and heating and electrical requirements. Moisture and humidity control are also significant concerns to building officials when basements are used as living space.

Exits

• Habitable spaces increase concern for fire safety and emergency access and egress. Smoke alarms are required on every floor and near bedrooms. Emergency exits are mandatory, and the route to the exit is also regulated. One or more exits to the outside from the basement are required, and the width of corridors, and stairway and handrail design, must be in compliance with the building code. Each bedroom must have an egress window, and egress windows and doors have to meet strict standards for dimensions and configuration.

Moisture Control and Insulation

• Dampness and moisture in the foundation walls has to be controlled for habitable space, as mold and damp environments are unhealthy living spaces. Foundation drains and dampproofing or waterproofing systems have to be installed to direct moisture away from the walls. Insulation is generally required for the full height of the foundation walls. When insulation is placed on the inside wall, moisture or vapor barriers should be installed to keep the insulation dry.

Liveability

• Ceiling height must have a minimum clearance that allows room for standing under a ceiling light or fan -- usually about seven feet. Limited obstructions, such as beams or ductwork, may be permitted. Regulations require natural light that originates through glazed openings, but the natural light regulation may be relaxed for basements. Ventilation for fresh air circulation may be provided through mechanical systems, rather than open windows and doors. Heating and cooling systems must be installed for habitable space.