Build or purchase the trusses for the roof. Any roof that will be put under heavy rain or snow loading or is of significant size should be built with professionally engineered trusses. These are easily ordered by taking your planned shed and roof dimensions to a lumber yard.
Mark the spots for the trusses on the top plates of the walls. Use a pencil, beginning on one end and marking every 24 inches. Repeat on the opposite wall's top plate. Raise the first truss up, resting it on the top plates. Position it on the first marks and nail into place. Repeat this process for the remaining trusses.
Deck the roof by nailing 5/8" plywood sheathing to the roof trusses. Cover the decking with asphalt roofing paper, fastening it with roofing tacks. Add drip edge and then shingle the roof.