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What Kinds of Mortar Do You Use on Fire Bricks?

A well-built masonry fireplace, oven or similar structure can provide lasting service and enjoyment. One aspect of construction is selecting and using mortar to hold firebricks in place. In addition to the traditional types of mortar, which are divided by strength, an option is refractory mortar. Refractory mortar is often recommended for fireplace and oven applications and may be required in some jurisdictions.

  1. Type N Mortar

    • Type N mortar is widely recommended as a suitable material for most purposes because it can be used in load-bearing interior and exterior situations. It consists of one part each Portland cement and hydrated lime and six parts sand. This type of mortar is perhaps best suited for fireplaces that will be used only occasionally. It may be used for firebricks primarily for the sake of convenience; type N mortar probably was used for other masonry work in the house or will be used to construct the bulk of the chimney.

    Refractory Mortar

    • Refractory mortar is often recommended and sometimes required when structures are built with firebrick. Ordinary mortar contains Portland cement, which deteriorates as a result of temperature cycles. Refractory mortar contains binders such as sodium silicate that can withstand extreme heat and temperature fluctuations. It is divided into two general types: hydraulic-setting mortar and premixed or air-drying mortar.

    Hydraulic-Setting Refractory Mortar

    • Hydraulic-setting refractory mortar can be used for indoor and outdoor fireplace applications, including firebricks. It has the same workability as standard mortar and can be colored with mortar color. Hydraulic-setting mortar is also acid-resistant and water-insoluble once cured. It is available in dry, sacked form like regular mortar. These characteristics make hydraulic-setting mortar the most convenient and all-around best type of refractory mortar.

    Premixed or Air-Drying Refractory Mortar

    • Premixed or air-drying refractory mortar differs from hydraulic-setting mortar and regular mortar by drying out rather than curing through a chemical reaction. This trait allows masons to make very thin joints without pre-soaking firebrick, speeding up the construction process. Because premixed refractory mortar is water-soluble, it can be cleaned easily. It is suitable for only interior applications, however. This type of mortar is generally sold in pails, and with the addition of a small amount of water, it is ready to use.

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