Measure the width of the proposed wall location, and the height of the wall on each side.
Cut two two-by-fours to match the width of the wall. Lay these parallel to each other, resting on the narrow edge. These are the wall's top and bottom plates.
Cut two-by-fours to match the height of the shed walls, less 3 inches. Determine the number of boards by dividing the width of the wall in inches by 16 -- the spacing between studs -- and then adding two boards for the ends of the wall. These are the vertical studs of the wall.
Place the studs between the top and bottom plates. Place the first stud even with the ends of the plates and nail them together with 10d nails. Place the next stud 16 inches away from the first and nail it in. Continue to the end of the top and bottom plates.
Raise the wall and maneuver it into position. Nail through the base plate into the floor in between each stud. Nail through the studs at the end into the walls of the shed. The wall is framed and ready for covering with wood or paneling.