Measure and cut foam board insulation to fit between the studs and beams inside your interior walls. Use your straightedge and marker to make guidelines on the foam boards, and use your razor knife to make the cuts. The boards should be cut so they fit snugly between the wall's support elements and no movement occurs. The wooden framework and foam boards will work together to create a solid barrier against heat loss and even noise pollution. Seal every edge of the insulation with caulk, and then close the wall.
Measure and cut foam board insulation to the same size as the rim joists, which run around the outer edge of your basement ceiling. Slide the cut foam into the space between your sill plate and the floor above. Use caulk to seal every edge of the insulation panel. Use expanding foam insulation to close up any cavities that may exist above or below your rim joist. By insulating your rim joist, you help block outside air and cold that makes its way in through the exterior walls where they meet the ground and the concrete foundation.
Use foam board insulation to seal up the space between your attic rafters. Measure and cut pieces of rigid foam insulation to fit the spaces between your attic rafters. Wedge each piece between the roof's structural elements, and then use caulking to seal the edges on all sides.