What Are Solar Energy Panels?

Functions of a Solar Panel

• The main function of a solar panel is to produce enough electrical current for use in various electrical applications, but a solar panel must be sized to allow convenient and safe handling. Solar panels come in various sizes, and the more solar cells there are in a panel, the more electrical current is produced. A typical 3-inch by 6-inch solar cell produces around 1/2 volt of DC electric current rated at approximately 3.5 amperes. A typical solar panel can have as many as 36 cells housed in a panel that is 45 inches long by 22 inches wide.

Components of a Solar Panel

• A solar panel basically consists of an array of photovoltaic cells, electrical conductors that connect each cell, a panel or housing that is used to hold the array of solar cells and a transparent plastic or glass cover. A solar cell is a disc covered with photovoltaic material such as monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride and copper indium selenide. Copper wires are typically used to connect the cells in a circuit.

How a Solar Panel Works

• A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell exhibits a property known as a photoelectric effect once the cell comes in contact with sunlight. The photovoltaic cell absorbs photons of light coming from the sun, and releases electrons. Capturing these electrons results in an electric current that can be used as electricity. Placing a number of cells in an array and connecting all the cells in series produces enough electrical current to power various appliances. Connecting several solar panels in series can produce enough electrical energy to power a house.

Placement of Solar Panels

• A solar cell only generates electricity when it comes in contact with sunlight, which is why solar panels must be placed in an area that will receive the maximum amount of sunlight throughout the year. Solar panels made for homes are typically fixed, and should be placed on rooftops, or in open fields where there is no shade. Some solar panels are placed on automated platforms that track the movement of the sun to afford the panels more exposure to sunlight.