Solar Panels for Buildings

Solar Panel Applications

• Solar panels are primarily used for two purposes: to create electricity and heat water. For the latter application, they are often used as an environmentally friendly way to heat swimming pools. Hot water systems can also be used to heat spaces, such as rooms and greenhouses.

How Solar Panels Work

• Solar panels in hot water systems contain a series of polymer tubes contained within frames that are usually covered with glass or other transparent material. The sun heats the water within the tubes. In swimming pool applications, when a thermostat senses water temperature in the pool is lower than the water in the panels, the system directs the water back to the swimming pool. In electrical applications, the panels are made up of photovoltaic cells that convert solar energy into electricity. PV cells are wafers made from semi-conductive materials such as silicon along, with elements such as phosphorous and boron. The silicon traps the solar energy, while the other elements excite the molecules and transfer them to an electric circuit. A converter within the system changes the electrical current from DC to AC, so it can be used in homes and businesses. Panels come in an array of sizes so they can be fit to various types of buildings.

Solar Panel Requirements

• If you're considering a solar system for your home or business, you need to take three things into consideration: Do you have enough space for the panels? Is there enough available sunlight? And, can you afford the initial cost of the system? A professional solar system installer will determine how big and how many panels you'll need for your application. If the roof or lawn can't accommodate them, you may not be able to install one. Additionally, local zoning codes may restrict or prohibit the installation. Plenty of sunshine is necessary to operate a solar system. States such as California, Arizona and Florida are ideal, but if you live in a state with lots of cloud cover and storms, while the systems will still function, they may not be cost efficient. Finally, solar heating systems are not cheap. The initial investment can be as high as $20,000, although they can save money in the long run.

Solar System Incentives

• The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 provides Americans with incentives in the form of tax credits for those who purchase or install products such as energy-efficient vehicles, windows, insulation and solar-power systems. Tax credits are more valuable than tax deductions, as they reduce taxes dollar for dollar rather than reduce a percentage of taxes owed. Consumers who install solar heating systems are eligible for a 30 percent tax credit for systems installed before Dec. 31, 2016. Additionally, local governments may offer incentives in the form of rebates and inspection fee waivers.