Walk to the lowest stair tread, and kneel down so that you can access it easily.
Place the tape measure end at the left side of the tread as far against the wall or side of the stairs as possible. Hold the end firmly in place with one hand, and stretch the tape measure across the width of the stair until you reach the right side. Note the measurement, which is the width of the stair tread.
Move the end of the tape measure to the back center of the stair tread where it meets the vertical portion of the stair. Hold it firmly in place, and stretch the tape measure forward until it reaches the very front edge of the tread. Note the measurement, with is the length of the tread.
Measure the depth of the tread by placing the tape measure on the top of the front edge where it extends out over the riser. Stretch it down until you reach the bottom of the front edge of the tread, and note the measurement. Most stair treads have a depth of approximately one inch.