The most common treatment for trailer deck wood is pressure treatment. It forces preservative chemicals deep into the wood under high pressure. These chemicals then protect the wood against rot and pests. The wood is also sometimes dried in a kiln to force a majority of the moisture out of it. This makes it less likely to warp or split after it has been built into the deck. Pressure treatment increases the lifespan of the trailer deck and improves its looks, and is often recommended for wood that is used for outdoor projects.
There are concerns that some of the chemicals used in pressure treatment are dangerous. These chemicals sometimes include arsenic and other dangerous substances. Some people have concerns over the safety of putting wood treated with these chemicals where it may get into the soil and groundwater. Sawdust from cutting the wood is another potential concern, as it may lead to inhaling some of those toxic chemicals.
There are alternatives to pressure treatment. Varnish and other such standard waterproofing substances protect wood when brushed on top of it and allowed to dry. Some companies sell products made out of natural ingredients to repel termites and other pests. These treatments include extracts from hot peppers and the oils of various trees. Other companies sell artificial planks made out of composite materials for outdoor purposes. These planks look like wood but are not.
Both pressure treated wood and wood that is untreated benefit from end sealing. Sealing the ends of the deck boards protects them from splitting and chipping, which can damage the entire board if cracks work their way up along the grain. Waterproof wax is often used for this treatment.