Latex-based caulks are commonly used for gaps between siding and trim pieces or other areas where the caulk will probably show, even to a casual viewer. The primary benefit of latex caulks is that they can be painted over and will hold a paint in much the same way fiber cement siding can. However, latex caulks cannot be used on concrete, as they will not adhere properly.
Butyl caulk or butyl sealant is a type of caulk made with butyl rubber and a number of additives designed to made it stronger. If your siding had brick, stone or faux stone components, you might have used butyl caulk. Although it is more difficult to apply and clean up after than other types of caulk, it is one of the siding caulks you can confidently use with concrete projects.
Silicone caulk is made with plastic components that render it moisture resistant. It is used in a number of applications, from wood and vinyl siding to rooftop installation. Silicone caulk can be used with concrete, as long as the concrete is clean and has no layers of sealant between it and the silicone.
Expansion joints are designed to give concrete room to expand during warmer temperatures. It is important that you use a caulk specifically designed for expansion gaps during this part of the project. Expansion joint caulk needs to be able to protect the concrete and move with it. Normal caulks will not work properly in expansion joints.