List of Items to Build an Interior Wooden Staircase

Items for Planning

• A calculator is used to figure out the rise and run of each step, which is determined by measuring the space where the staircase is to fit. Use a measuring tape to measure the space, as well as the lumber. A metal tape measure 1-inch-by-30-feet is sufficient. A carpenter pencil is required for marking lumber to write notes or to mark specific measurements. A carpenter pencil with a soft lead makes marking material easier. A level, a tool constructed of a metal frame with a slightly arched glass tube partially filled with fluid that forms a bubble to gauge when a surface is level, helps a carpenter to verify that the stairs are perfectly horizontal and level.

Constructing the Stairs

• You need a portable electric circular saw and a handsaw to build a set of indoor stairs. A circular saw is required to cut out the stringer, the structural piece of lumber that supports the treads and risers -- the parts of the staircase that are stepped on and the vertical pieces in between, respectively. Circular saws are available in various sizes, which are determined by the diameter of the largest blade the saw can use. For instance, a 7¼-inch circular saw can accommodate a blade of that size. Your circular saw should be equipped with a guard that prevents the teeth of the blade from protruding above the work. A handsaw is used for cutting in tight spots where you can’t use a circular saw. It also comes in handy to finish the cut on the stringer. A framing square is used when making the stringer and again to cut the treads and risers square. It is a flat, metal tool that is L-shaped to create an accurate 90-degree angle. It has increments of measurement stamped or engraved on its surface. Saws are also necessary to cut the pieces of lumber required for the handrail, banisters (the wooden shafts that support the handrail) and newel posts (the central supports of the handrail).

Securing the Stairs

• Glue, clamps and nails are used to secure the treads and risers to the stringer and again when attaching the handrail and banisters. The glue should be construction adhesive, which is specially formulated for the task. After the glue is applied, a clamp will hold the two pieces of wood together until the glue dries. Clamps come in a variety of shapes and sizes to accommodate different tasks. For instance, an 18-inch clamp might be required to secure a tread or riser, while the handrail calls for a smaller size. Finishing nails are hammered into the wood to reinforce the risers and treads.

Additional Items

• A pairing chisel, which is pushed by hand, and a bench chisel, which is used in combination with a hammer, are needed for trimming and notching wood. They enable a carpenter to provide finishing touches to the handrail, banister and newel posts. Other items needed for building an indoor staircase are safety goggles, masking tape and sawhorses.