Regulations for Wiring a Shower

Lighting Fixtures

• Section 410.4(D) of the NEC states that lighting fixtures located in an area that encompasses 8 feet above the rim of a bathtub or shower and 3 feet horizontally on all sides, must be listed for damp locations. If they can be struck by shower spray, however, they must be listed for wet locations. Hanging fixtures, which include ceiling suspended paddle fans, chandeliers or lighting fixtures that are connected by cords, chains or cables aren’t permitted in this area at all because people might grab onto them when they slip, and pull the light into the water. You can install a recessed light over a shower, but it’s best to ensure it has a waterproof lens. The International Residential Code, or IRC, has the same rule.

Outlets

• Section 406.8(C) of the NEC code states that you must install a GFCI protected receptacle within 3 feet of the bathroom sink, but you cannot install it within the vertical space of a bathtub or shower. GFCIs are inexpensive devices that monitor the current in a circuit and interrupt the power if they detect a difference in the circuit that’s as little as .006 amperes. Their purpose is to protect you from electrical shocks and they’re especially useful in bathroom areas where equipment is located near water. Section E 3902.10 of the IRC code states that outlets should not be installed within a shower or bathtub space.

Switches

• Electrical switches can’t be installed within a shower or tub space, according to section E 3901.7 of the IRC code. An exception is made for protected switches used in whirlpools. The IRC code also mandates that a switch to control lights be placed on the wall near the door. Pull chains aren’t allowed.

Ventilation

• Section 1202.4.2.1 of the International Building Code states that rooms with showers must be mechanically vented. The exhaust must be ducted outdoors and the fan should be capable of moving at least 50 cubic feet of air per minute. Showers that are enclosed to the ceiling are treated as separate rooms and must have their own exhaust fan, as do steam showers. The NEC requires GFCI protection on bathroom vents installed above a shower. In addition, the fan should be of a type that’s listed as being installed over a shower.