Cupola Information

Definition

• According to Merriam-Webster online dictionary, the word cupola (which is pronounced "kyou-puh-luh") is derived from the Latin word cupula and dates back to 1549. A cupola is defined as a rounded structure which rests on a circular base on top of a roof. A second definition is an elevated rooftop observation post on a railroad caboose. Third, and unrelated to architecture, a cupola may be a type of furnace which is used to melt iron in a foundry.

History

• The use of cupolas can be traced back to Islamic architecture in the 8th century. Large cupolas with at least one balcony would be placed on top of Islamic minarets (tall spires) to be used by the criers sending out the call to prayer. As centuries passed, cupolas became increasing common and were used on both official buildings and homes throughout the Middle East and India. The Moors brought the architectural detail to Spain, where it then spread through Europe, where they were used to prevent the accumulation of snow on roofs (preventing structural collapse). Cupolas have since been incorporated into global architectural design.

Function

• The cupola adds ornamental detail to a rooftop; however, it also adds function. Cupolas provide ventilation by maintaining air flow on top of buildings. They also allow access from the interior of buildings and allow increased light into buildings. Cupolas may also serve as a lookout or provide an overlook to enjoy spectacular views.

Building Materials

• Cupolas may be constructed out of several types of materials. Fiberglass resists damage from any kind of impact and will not rust or warp. Vinyl offers an inexpensive option which is water resistant and will not warp or rot from weather exposure. Wood cupolas are often made from Western Cedar or Oak and require treatment to enhance durability. Cupolas are often capped with a weather vane or a copper dome.

Seen Across the Country

• The cupola's design made its way to the United States and, according to Simply Cupolas, is now considered to be an American trademark. George Washington's home at Mount Vernon features a rooftop cupola as does the United States Capital building and Thomas Jefferson's monument in Washington D.C. The cupola is popular for use in barns since it adds ventilation, allowing animals to remain cool during the summer months. It is also popular for use in garden structures such as gazebos, both for ventilation and decoration.