Different Types of Houses in Deserts

Straw Bale Houses

• Straw bale houses are noted for their ability to insulate. A straw bale house, in general, is constructed with a post-and-beam system for structure. Packed straw bales are used to fill the walls. The longest walls are exposed to the sun, where their value for insulation is the most effective. Doors and windows are framed with wood and wood products. Windows and doors are often oriented to minimize heat gain. Outdoor spaces such as courtyards are shaded by an extended roof and oriented to take advantage of maximum shade. Straw bale construction can vary in insulation factor depending on thickness, and walls are often as thick as 16 inches or more. The straw used in home construction does not require any special treatment except to be kept dry.

Rammed Earth Houses

• The technology behind rammed earth homes is the same technology that was used to build the Great Wall of China, pyramids in Mexico and ancient castles in Europe. Rammed earth is earth that is compacted in layers within a form. Like straw bale homes, rammed earth homes store the sun’s heat in winter and block out the heat of summer to save energy. Walls are usually between 18 and 24 inches thick and can be finished with stucco or plaster, or left bare. Costs for construction can vary, as can costs for any custom home.

Adobe Houses

• Adobe is a building material of the Native American Southwest that was traditionally made from straw and mud formed into bricks. More contemporary adobe is made of clay and sand. Adobe homes often have a flat roof. Like straw bale houses and rammed earth houses, adobe houses insulate against desert heat. Some other features commonly seen on adobe houses are water spouts or roof drains called “canales.” These can be ornamental, or they can be utilitarian, diverting rain water from the roof and channeling it for garden use. Another interior design element often found in adobe homes is a low earthen bench built into the wall called a “banco.” Instead of roof overhangs for shade, an adobe house might feature a “ramada,” a shade canopy made from branches laced together and perched on a wooden frame.